Egg female pink bollworm moths lay eggs singly or, more commonly, in small groups. There were substantial differences in the number of eggs laid on different genotypes. The forewings are pale with bright green streaks, the hindwings are silkywhite suffused with pale. Upsc current affairs top 50 current affairs download pdf. The african bollworm, or referred to as helicoverpa armigera as its scientific name of the insect order lepidoptera butterflies and the family of noctuidae or owlet moths is a major pest of soybeans and other crops. Cotton boll and bollworm, showing mode of attack 7. Ovipositor washings from virgin femaleearias vittella f. African bollworm caterpillar is initially pale green, sometimes with black dots, and a pattern of thin dark lines running along the body, the lines being darker around the second and third segments. Survival and development of spotted bollworm, earias. Normal, and flared cotton square due to bollworm injury 12 6. The oviposition behaviour of spotted bollworm, earias vittella fab. C353, g 17, g 33, ac3545, ld 491, ld 575, b 11 a, sagbly red, sargosi and ld 694, were screened under epiphytotic conditions against spotted bollworm, earias vittella, at the cotton farm of the department of plant breeding and genetics, punjab agricultural university, ludhiana, india, and their morphological basis of resistance to. Earias fabia, called the cotton spotted bollworm as a larva, is a moth of the family nolidae.
Training manual on capacity building program on cotton production. The time required from egg to egg varies because of temperature and other conditions but generally is about one month during the summer months. Skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. The larvae feed on the seeds and destroy the fibers of cotton, reducing quality and crop yield. The use of insecticide is the foremost tool for managing the bollworms. Morphological basis of resistance to spotted bollworm. In later instars, the dark lines become less conspicuous, and the black spots develop red areas around them. Seasonal pattern of infestation by spotted bollworm, earias. Hostinduced augmented reproduction in spotted bollworm. Field performance of first and second generation bt cotton. Research article effect of different plant extracts against pink. Pdf serious pest of cotton spotted bollworm navodita.
Histological structure of pupal testes of the spotted bollworm of cotton, earias insulana boisd, and effects of gamma radiation on spermatogenesis are described. Path analysis of climatic factors affects the population. These were identified by comparison of their retention times with those of a range of synthetic standards on fused silica capillary gc columns as hexadecanal, z11hexadecenal. Seasonal pattern of infestation by spotted bollworm. Components of female sex pheromone of spotted bollworm. Acetone extract of square powder caused maximum mortality followed by gossypol, tannic acid, other tannins and anthocyanins. Field performance of a genetically engineered strain of pink bollworm. Noctuidae moths were examined by gas chromatography gc linked to electroantennography eag. Early detection of fieldevolved resistance to bt cotton in china. Survival and development of spotted bollworm, earias vittella.
Path analysis of climatic factors affects the population of. Histopathological effects of gamma radiation on testes of the spotted bollworm of cotton, earias insulana lepidoptera. The moths are mostly pale with green features, approximately 2 cm long and can be found on flowers or close to light sources. In contrast the spotted bollworm does not enter larval diapause within seed capsules and therefore has not become widespread bellows and fisher, 1999. Spotted bollworm more than 1o % of attacked fruiting bodies american bollworm 10 % infested fruiting bodies or one egg or larva per plant pink bollworm more than 10 % attacked bolls or flowers 12. Biological parameters of pink bollworm pectinophora. The traps were baited with 1 mg of sex pheromone 10e,12e. Male moths of spotted bollworm were caught through pheromone traps each installed in the area at a distance of 10 meters. Colton jassld spotted bollworm eggs in 2006 and 2007, bars indicated by different letters are significantly different tukeys hsd, p download pdf. Two species are generally considered in this genus. Resistance of pakistani field populations of spotted.
Hostinduced augmented reproduction in spotted bollworm, earias vittella fabricius lepidoptera. Cicr downloads central institute for cotton research. Impact of environmental resistance factors on abundance of. Life tables for spotted bollworm, earias vitella fabricius. The antibiotic activity of some compounds, and of plant extracts, was bioassayed by incorporating them in a wheat germ diet developed for rearing cotton spotted bollworm earias vittella f. Experiments were conducted to monitor the seasonal population fluctuation of spotted bollworm, earias vittella f. To study the effect of natural enemy trichogramma chilonis. Ovipositional preference and damage by spotted bollworm earias fabia stoll in cotton. The bollworm moth, though very readily seen in com or cotton fields, is recognized by but few planters as the parent of the bollworm. Introduction cotton is the main cash crop in pakistan, which accounts for 11. Taneja and jayaswal 9 also observed similar result, those noticed the activity of spotted bollworm on cotton from mid july to end of september with maximum during first fore night of september. Life cycle of pink bollworm life cycle of pink bollworm, includes four development stages. Resistance of pakistani field populations of spotted bollworm earias. Monitoring seasonal population fluctuation of spotted and.
Effect of weathear factors on the population of spotted bollworm. More eggs were deposited on the bolls compared to leaves and squares. The species was first described by caspar stoll in 1781. Sucking pests such as aphids aphis gossypi, jassids amrasca bigutulla bigutulla, and whiteflies bemisia tabaci are also a problem in terms of direct damage to the plant.
The pink bollworm is an insect known for being a pest in cotton farming. Seasonal abundance of spotted bollworm eggs and larvae the results revealed that spotted bollworm eggs and larvae appeared in the field during the 2nd week of july through midoctober. The incidence of eggs varied during seasons and peaked on august and 10 september in 2006 and 30 july and 17 september in 2007 fig. In almost all populations tested the spotted bollworm larvae were found to be extremely susceptible to all the three cry1a toxins. It is sometimes included in the species earias vittella larval food plants are gossypium hirsutum, abelmoschus esculentus, urena lobata, brassica oleracea and zea mays references. Owing to persistent use of insecticides, this pest has developed resistance, especially to py. Effect of some antibiotic compounds in gossypium on the. Aclvisory on incidence of pink boll worm pbw on cotton crop in. The moths vary considerably in color and markings, ranging from a dull olive green to nearly white. Baseline toxicity of cry1a toxins to the spotted bollworm. Nolidae on different transgenic bt and isogenic nonbt cotton genotypes, phytoparasitica on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Larval survival and postembryonic development of the spotted bollworm,earias vittella was studied on 23 genotypes. The infested bolls open prematurely and produce poor lint resulting in lower market value jayaswal and sundaramurthy, 1992. It is sometimes included in the species earias vittella.
Download 265kb request a copy abstract the antibiotic activity of some compounds, and of plant extracts, was bioassayed by incorporating them in a wheat germ diet developed for rearing cotton spotted bollworm earias vittella f. Monsanto is an american agrotech company that released the bt cotton in india. Histopathological effects of gamma radiation on testes of. There is a good deal of variation in colour in this species. Gelechiidae is one of the worlds most important pests of cotton. Pdf an artificial diet was developed for mass rearing of the spotted bollworm earias vittella fabricius in environmentally controlled. Spotted bollworms are small caterpillars of earias. Pests not known to occur in the united states or of. Cotton bollworm pest complex alone is attacked by more than. Pests not known to occur in the united states or of limited. The susceptibility of 23 cotton genotypes to spotted bollworm, earias. Baseline toxicity of cry1ac toxin against spotted bollworm. But in the context of serious problems of pesticide. Nov 01, 1999 in almost all populations tested the spotted bollworm larvae were found to be extremely susceptible to all the three cry1a toxins.
The pink bollworm pectinophora gossypiella saunders lepidoptera. Male moths of spotted bollworm were caught through pheromone traps each installed in the area at. Mar 11, 2012 spotted bollworms are major pests of cotton in india and ae found wherever cotton is grown. Draper nr, smith h 1998 applied regression analysis. Effect of some antibiotic compounds in gossypium on. Peak level of spotted bollworm was observed during 1st and 2nd weeks afterward the spotted bollworm population was declined in a linear sequence from 3rd to 10th weeks. Spotted bollworm all agriculture exams preparation. Jan 09, 2016 read survival and development of spotted bollworm, earias vittella fabricius lepidoptera.
The caterpillars of the pest not only bore the bolls but also attack the shoots, buds and flowers. Hexane extract of bolls did not affect larval survival. All bollworm pests free download as powerpoint presentation. Effect of some antibiotic compounds in cotton on postembryonic.
Opened boll, to show bollworm at work within 14 191 2. Pdf mass rearing of the spotted bollworm, earias vittella. Survival and development of spotted bollworm, earias vittella fabricius. Young com plant, showing injury to the bud by the bollworm 10 4.
Oviposition behaviour of spotted bollworm, earias vittella. Resistance of pakistani field populations of spotted bollworm. Bollworm is the common term for a moth larva that attacks the fruiting bodies of certain crops, especially cotton. Dec 28, 2012 ten genotypes of asiatic cotton, gossypium arboreum, viz. Jul 09, 2018 impact of environmental resistance factors on abundance of spotted bollworm, earias vittella fabricius and helicoverpa armigera hubner on bt and nonbt cotton in odisha uttam kumar behera1, chitta ranjan satapathy2 and bishnu charan jena2 1department of entomology, college of agriculture, bhawanipatna, orissa university of. The cotton ecosystem is endowed with rich fauna of natural enemies. Developmental stages were recorded in incubators, maintained at 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35.
Bollworms are the major insect pests of cotton crops and among these pink bollworm is particularly one of the most destructive pest that do not. Morphological basis of resistance to spotted bollworm, earias. The results thus suggested that the population of spotted bollworm on cotton varieties mnh454 and rh400 was at peak 12. Ecological studies on the spotted bollworms of cotton and their parasites. We found no significant differences in spotted bollworm egg density between bt and conventional cotton but larval density was. Pdf effect of total gossypol concentration on spotted.
Pdf life table of spotted bollworm, earias vittella on okra. Culture of spotted bollworm was maintained on cotton squares in the laboratory under controlled temperature and humidity conditions 252c and 655% r. Feb 15, 2019 spotted bollworm more than 1o % of attacked fruiting bodies american bollworm 10 % infested fruiting bodies or one egg or larva per plant pink bollworm more than 10 % attacked bolls or flowers b. Cotton growers in egypt have experienced severe economic loss from cotton bollworms, especially the pink bollworm, pectinophora. Damage is caused by the larvae of the spotted bollworm, earias vittella, a common pest in the southern regions of india. It is a chewing insect pest of cotton that causes great economic loss to cotton crops. Know your cotton insect pest spotted and spiny bollworms. Pdf on jan 1, 2009, hasan wajid and others published life table of spotted bollworm, earias vittella on okra.
The pink bollworm infestation is plaguing cotton farmers. Preliminary studies on the population of spotted bollworms earias sp. Results indicated that the three cry toxins tested against neonates were very effective in the nanogram range. New test reveals early diapause in pink bollworm uc anr. Noctuidae lepidoptera borer technology mission on cotton mini mission i 3. Spotted and spiny bollworms thipkyachi, kateri bond ali earias vittella fab. Pink bollworm, pectinophora gossypiella saunders, is the major. Egg adult larva pupae egg hatches in one week grows in 1214 days 1821 days pupal period lays 200400 eggs on leaves in winter, the life cycle is greatly prolonged 7. Life cycle of pink bollworm life cycle of pink bollworm, includes four development. Red or sudan bollworm, diparopsis castanea rough bollworm, earias perhuegeli spotted bollworm, earias fabia spiny bollworm, earias insulana spotted bollworm, earias vittella american cotton bollworm or tomato grub, helicoverpa armigera. Pests not known to occur in the united states or of limited distribution. Pectinophora gossypiella saunders gelechiidae contactsgo to all. This new elisa method has revealed that the pink bollworm larvae in the imperial val ley sometimes enter diapause. Noctuidae volume 14 issue 3 skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites.
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