Pdf low birth weight baby j4r journal for research. Low birth weight is the leading cause of infant and child mortality and contributes to several poor health outcomes. Management of lbw low birthweight babies slideshare. Studies have also linked low birth weight to reductions in tcell counts, altered proportions of lymphocyte subsets, and reduced in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in infants and children. Low birth weight lbw remains a leading public health problem especially in developing countries, but in both the developed and developing world lbw remains associated with cardiometabolic 1, 2 psychiatric disorders, and mortality both in infancy and adulthood. Low birth weight baby causes and feeding management. For live births, birthweight should preferably be measured within the first hour of life, before significant postnatal weight loss has occurred.
Association of low birth weight with undernutrition in. Lbw contributes substantially to neonatal, infant and childhood. Globally, out of 9 million live births about 20 million of them are low birth weight and nearly 95. Determinants of low birth weight among deliveries at a. The proportion of live birth infants low birthweight is when a baby is born weighing less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces. The pathophysiology of low birth weight is unclear, whereas intrauterine growth retardation iugr and preterm birth considered as the cause. It is a simple definition requiring only an accurate measurement of weight. Birthweight is the first weight of the newborn obtained after birth.
Low birth weight apart from the birth weight, babies can also be classified into 3 groups preterm. Explore the data on malnutrition and its causes in the applications below. Although reliable data on the magnitude and global distribution of low birth weight lbw, birth weight may 22, 2011. Malnutrition conditions like stunting, wasting, underweight, low birth weight, anemia and overweight are caused by the interactions of immediate, underlying and basic causes. Analysis of low birth weight and its covariants in.
Low birth weight and its associated factors in ethiopia. Causes of low birthweight in developing countries brian wharton sorrento maternity hospital, wake green road, birmingham, bi3 9he, united kingdom low birthweight was originally defined as 2,500 g or below, but more recently it has been revised to less than 2,500 g. Determinants of low birth weight among mothers who gave. Preterm birth is the most common direct cause of neonatal mortality3. Infants born with lbw have added health risks which require close management, often in a neonatal intensive care unit nicu. Impact of malaria during pregnancy on low birth weight in. An imbalance in the amount of stored calories can lead to many diseases. Low birth weight lbw is a major determinant of infant mortality and morbidity. There was an increase in births of very low birth weight infants from 1. Being born at a low birth weight deeply affects an individual.
Ghattas, in encyclopedia of human nutrition second edition, 2005 low birth weight. This study investigates factors predicting occurrence of low birth weight among deliveries at debreberhan. However, other conditions can cause lbw in a baby born after a full. Determinants of low birth weight in a block of hooghly. Learn about the causes, risks and healthrelated effects of low. The report of the international low birth weight lbw symposium and workshop, held at the international cen tre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh icddr,b. After his initial findings a myriad of diseases have been found to be linked to low birth weight and undernutrition in utero and in the neonatal. Centre for health and population research on 14 17 june 1999, was pre pared by judith a pojda, and laura m kelley with research assistance from elizabeth johnston. Low birth weight lbw remains a significant public health problem in many developing countries, and poor nutrition both before and during pregnancy is recognized as an important cause. Maternal nutrition impact on preterm and low birth weight. Low birth weight babies are more likely to have health and developmental problem including learning difficulties, hearing and visual impairments, chronic respiratory problems etc. Worldwide, approximately 90% of lbw infants are born in developing countries.
Lbw could be the result of either preterm birth or restricted intrauterine growth. The association between low birth weight lbw, which reflects intrauterine nutritional status, and the development of adult diseases has been confirmed in many studies for type 2 diabetes t2d, hypertension ht and ischemic heart diseases ihd 1234. The primary cause is premature birth, being born before 37 weeks gestation. They are also at increased risk for longterm health conditions which require followup over time. Introduction a baby spend around 9 months and 7 days inside the mother uterus during its intrauterine life to be. The determinants identified for low birth weight reflect to factors related. Low birthweight newborns have a higher risk of dying in the first 28 days of life. Low birthweight is defined as less than 2,500 grams up to and including 2,499 grams. Premature birth is one of the most common causes of low birthweight. It is estimated that between 15% and 20% of all births worldwide are lbw defined by the world health. I remember getting home and being in the bathroom, just, i fell apart. Babies with low birth weight look much smaller than other babies of normal birth weight. Pdf maternal risk factors and consequences of low birth weight in.
Birth weight and later risk of depression in a national birthcohort. Socioeconomic determinants of low birth weight in bangladesh. Combating low birth weight due to malaria infection in. Low birthweight in newborns symptoms and causes boston. The problem of low birth weight improving birth outcomes.
Low birthweight lbw is common in developing countries and a significant risk factor for infant mortality. A newborns weight at birth is an important marker of maternal and fetal health and nutrition. You know, cause its like i didnt get to take my baby home, you know. Babies with low birth weight neonatology jama jama.
Fetal programming opened the field for extensive research into the fetal origin of adult diseases. Pdf low birth weight is a multifactorial problem with a wide spectrum of health related problems from its origin. Proper knowledge of risk factors of low birth weight is important for identifying those mothers at risk and thereby for planning and taking appropriate actions. Those who survive are more likely to suffer from stunted growth1 and lower iq. Another cause of low birthweight is intrauterine growth restriction. Low birth weight policy brief who world health organization. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download. Low birth weight 2500 g or less constitutes a major public health problem. Stoll, in infectious diseases of the fetus and newborn infant sixth edition, 2006 low birth weight and prematurity. World health organization who defines low birth weight lbw as weight at birth of less than 2500 g. Low birthweight babies are born with low nutrient reserves, an immature immune system, and small sized lymphoid organs.
The association between low birth weight lbw, which. Coming to the causes and consequences of low birth weight, a babys low weight at birth is either the result of preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation or of restricted fetal intrauterine growth 2. Preventing low birth weight nursing for womens health. Determinants of low birth weight born preterm birth multifactorial process, 50% unidentified age at pregnancy, pregnancy spacing, multiple pregnancy infections underlying maternal chronic medical condition some nutritional factors lifestylework related smoking, stress. Born before the end of 37 weeks gestation low birthweight infants are a measure of the societal burden of preterm birth. Low birth weight lbw is defined by the world health organization as a birth weight of an infant of 2,499 g 5 lb 8. Causes and consequences of low birthweight a babys low weight at birth is either the result of preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation or of restricted foetal intrauterine growth.
1476 1822 325 461 1321 328 1088 1346 1767 681 1439 494 658 904 1388 1344 1057 759 815 989 842 750 1235 122 232 1487 654 108 1471 1333 1456 1595 1790